The winners of the Nobel Prize 2025 will be announced from October 6 to 13, 2025, in the Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Peace and Economics categories. The prize will be awarded on the basis of nominated individuals’ contributions to the “greatest benefit to humankind”. This SciAstra article provides all the important details about the Nobel Prize 2025 and the list of the Nobel Prize Winners 2025 in all categories. So, read on!
What is the Nobel Prize?
The Nobel Prize is one of the most prestigious international awards, granted to individuals for their outstanding contributions in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Peace and Economics.
The prize is only awarded to those who contribute to the “greatest benefit to humankind”. The person who wins the Nobel Prize is called a “Nobel Laureate”. The award ceremony is held in Stockholm, Sweden, and is also aired on the official YouTube channel of the Nobel Prize.
Nobel Prize: Background
The Nobel Prize is awarded in memory of Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and entrepreneur. His famous inventions include Dynamite, Gelignite, Ballistite, and Artificial Silk and Leather.
In his will, Alfred Nobel mentioned that his wealth should be used to reward “those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.” The prize would be granted to people who make outstanding efforts in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Peace — the fields in which Alfred Nobel himself worked.
The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. In 1969, the Nobel Prize in Economics was introduced by the Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden) to celebrate its tercentenary.
Nobel Prize 2025: Prize Money
The current amount is at SEK 11 million (approx. ₹103,900,000) per full Nobel Prize. A Nobel Prize can be awarded to up to three laureates who share the prize money. The laureates will also be provided with a medal made up of 18-carat green gold plated with 24-carat gold.
Who Announces the Nobel Prize?
Different organisations award Nobel Prizes in different categories. They are mentioned below:
| Nobel Prize Category | Rewarded by |
| Physics | Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Chemistry | Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Physiology or Medicine | Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute, Sweden |
| Peace | Norwegian Nobel Committee |
| Economics | Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Sponsored by Sveriges Riksbank) |
| Literature | Swedish Academy |
Nobel Prize Winners 2025
The names of winners of the Nobel Prize 2025 will be announced as per the schedule mentioned as follows:
| Nobel Prize Category | Date | Time |
| Physiology or Medicine | October 6, 2025 | 11:30 CEST (IST 3 PM) |
| Physics | October 7, 2025 | 11:45 CEST (IST 3:15 PM) |
| Chemistry | October 8, 2025 | 11:45 CEST (IST 3:15 PM) |
| Literature | October 9, 2025 | 13:00 CEST (IST 4:30 PM) |
| Peace | October 10, 2025 | 11:00 CEST (IST 2:30 PM) |
| Economics | October 13, 2025 | 11:45 CEST (IST 3:15 PM) |
Nobel Prize 2025 Winner: Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize 2025 in the Physiology or Medicine category has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.
Noble Prize 2025 Winner (Physiology or Medicine): Mary E. Brunkow
Mary E. Brunkow is an American biologist who primarily works in family genomics. She was born in 1961 in Seattle, Washington DC, USA. She earned her PhD from Princeton University and works as a Senior Program Manager at the Institute for Systems Biology.
Noble Prize 2025 Winner (Physiology or Medicine): Fred Ramsdell
Frederick J. Ramsdell, also known as Fred Ramsdell, is an American immunologist born on December 4, 1960, in Elmhurst, Illinois. He pursued a bachelor’s degree in Biology at the University of California, Los Angeles, and also holds a PhD in Immunology.
Noble Prize 2025 Winner (Physiology or Medicine): Shimon Sakaguchi
Shimon Sakaguchi is a Japanese immunologist and professor at Osaka University. He was born on January 19, 1961, in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. He has earned major awards including the William B. Coley Award (2004), the Keio Medical Science Prize (2008), and several others for his contributions to biology.
Nobel Prize 2025 Winner: Physics
The Nobel Prize 2025 in the Physics category will be awarded on October 7, 2025, at 3:15 PM. All details about the winner will be provided after the conclusion of the award ceremony.
Nobel Prize 2025 Winner: Chemistry
The Nobel Prize Ceremony 2025 for the Chemistry category will be held on October 8, 2025, at 3:15 PM. Details of the winner will be available here once the ceremony is completed.
Nobel Prize 2025 Winner: Literature
The Nobel Prize 2025 in the Literature category will be awarded on October 9, 2025, at 4:30 PM. Stay tuned to learn about the winner in this category.
Nobel Prize 2025 Winner: Peace
The Nobel Peace Prize 2025 will be awarded on October 10, 2025, at 3:15 PM. Details about the winner will be available here after the conclusion of the award ceremony.
Indian Nobel Prize Winners
A total of nine Indians have won Nobel Prizes as of 2025. This list also includes Mother Teresa, Har Gobind Khorana, and Venkataraman Ramakrishnan, who were born in India but held citizenship of other nations while receiving the prize.
Check out the complete list of Indian Nobel laureates below:
| Name | Year | Category | Contribution / Reason for Award |
| Rabindranath Tagore | 1913 | Literature | For Gitanjali (Song Offerings). |
| C.V. Raman | 1930 | Physics | For the discovery of the Raman Effect |
| Har Gobind Khorana | 1968 | Medicine | For interpreting the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis (shared with Robert W. Holley and Marshall W. Nirenberg). |
| Mother Teresa | 1979 | Peace | For her humanitarian work in Kolkata (Calcutta) |
| Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar | 1983 | Physics | For his theoretical studies on the physical processes of the structure and evolution of stars (the Chandrasekhar Limit) |
| Amartya Sen | 1998 | Economic Sciences | For his contributions to welfare economics and studies on poverty, famine, and human development. |
| Venkatraman Ramakrishnan | 2009 | Chemistry | For studies on the structure and function of the ribosome (shared with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath). |
| Kailash Satyarthi | 2014 | Peace | For his struggle against child labour and advocacy for children’s rights (shared with Malala Yousafzai). |
Conclusion
The Nobel Prize 2025 honours exceptional contributions in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Peace, and Economics. The criterion for granting the prize is the “greatest benefit to humankind”. The Nobel Prize 2025 ceremony is being held from October 6 to 13, 2025.
Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi won the Nobel Prize 2025 in the Physiology or Medicine category for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.
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